Uncertainty and Certainty Relations for Pauli Observables in Terms of Renyi Entropies of Order α∈ （0; 1]

We obtain uncertainty and certainty relations of state-independent form for the three Paufi observables with use of the Renyi entropies of order α∈ （0; 1]. It is shown that these entropic bounds are tight in the sense that they are always reached with certain pure states. A new result is the condition for equality in Renyi-entropy uncertainty relations for the Pauli observables. Upper entropic bounds in the pure-state case are also novel. Combining the presented bounds leads to a band, in which the rescaled average Renyi a-entropy ranges for a pure measured state. A width of this band is compared with the Tsallis formulation derived previously.     

Study on the design of ZnO/PANI composites and the mechanism of enhanced humidity sensing properties

ZnO/PANI composite humidity sensor was prepared by hydrothermal method. The first principles of density functional theory study the sensing mechanism. The calculation shows that the oxygen vacancy on ZnO surface is beneficial to the adsorption of water molecules. The {0 0 0‾1} crystal plane with the largest lattice oxygen number in ZnO has a strong adsorption capacity for water molecules, which is also conducive to improving the humidity sensitivity. PANI is easy to be combined on {0 1‾1 0} plane of ZnO, and it indirectly promotes the growth of {0 0 0‾1} plane, increasing the adsorption of water molecules and the proportion of H⁺ and H₃O⁺ ions. In addition, the N–H group in ZnO/PANI enhances the H⁺ conduction, which further improves the performance of the sensor. The results concluded that the proportion of lattice oxygen in humidity sensor is an important factor of humidity sensor sensitive detection.     

A new distance measure including the weak preference relation: Application to the multiple criteria aggregation procedure for mixed evaluations

We introduce a new distance measure between two preorders that captures indifference, strict preference, weak preference and incomparability relations. This measure is the first to capture weak preference relations. We illustrate how this distance measure affords decision makers greater modeling power to capture their preferences, or uncertainty and ambiguity around them, by using our proposed distance measure in a multiple criteria aggregation procedure for mixed evaluations.     

Robustness of SDOF elastoplastic structure subjected to double-impulse input under simultaneous uncertainties of yield deformation and stiffness

A series of impulse-type inputs has been extensively used to evaluate the critical response of an elastoplastic structure subjected to diverse types of pulse-type inputs, including a near-fault ground motion. In this paper, we consider the critical double-impulse input for a single-degree-of-freedom elastic–perfectly plastic structure, and study effects of structural uncertainties. When the natural frequency (or, equivalently, the stiffness) is fixed, the critical response of the structure does not necessarily decrease as the yield deformation (or, equivalently, the yield force) increases. As the first contribution, we give through investigation of this non-monotonicity property. Moreover, we present a systematic method for finding the worst-case scenario when the yield deformation and the stiffness of a structure assumed to be uncertain simultaneously. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate that the robustness of a structure does not necessarily improve when the yield deformation and/or the yield force is increased.     

Traveling waves for a reaction–diffusion–advection predator–prey model

In this paper we study a reaction–diffusion–advection predator–prey model in a river. The existence of predator-invasion traveling wave solutions and prey-spread traveling wave solutions in the upstream and downstream directions is established and the corresponding minimal wave speeds are obtained. While some crucial improvements in theoretical methods have been established, the proofs of the existence and nonexistence of such traveling waves are based on Schauder’s fixed-point theorem, LaSalle’s invariance principle and Laplace transform. Based on theoretical results, we investigate the effect of the hydrological and biological factors on minimal wave speeds and hence on the spread of the prey and the invasion of the predator in the river. The linear determinacy of the predator–prey Lotka–Volterra system is compared with nonlinear determinacy of the competitive Lotka–Volterra system to investigate the mechanics of linear and nonlinear determinacy.     

Novel Mittag-Leffler stability of linear fractional delay difference equations with impulse

In this letter we propose a class of linear fractional difference equations with discrete-time delay and impulse effects. The exact solutions are obtained by use of a discrete Mittag-Leffler function with delay and impulse. Besides, we provide comparison principle, stability results and numerical illustration.     

Risk averse decision making under catastrophic risk

A nonstandard probabilistic setting for modeling of the risk of catastrophic events is presented. It allows random variables to take on infinitely large negative values with non-zero probability, which correspond to catastrophic consequences unmeasurable in monetary terms, e.g. loss of human lives. Thanks to this extension, the safety-first principle is proved to be consistent with traditional axioms on a preference relation, such as monotonicity, continuity, and risk aversion. Also, a robust preference relation is introduced, and an example of a monotone robust preference relation, sensitive to catastrophic events in the sense of Chichilnisky (2002), is provided. The suggested setting is demonstrated in evaluating nuclear power plant projects when the probability of a catastrophe is itself a random variable.     

Hypercomplex analysis and integration of systems of ordinary differential equations

We review the theory of hypercomplex numbers and hypercomplex analysis with the ultimate goal of applying them to issues related to the integration of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We introduce the notion of hypercomplexification, which allows the lifting of some results known for scalar ODEs to systems of ODEs. In particular, we provide another approach to the construction of superposition laws for some Riccati‐type systems, we obtain invariants of Abel‐type systems, we derive integrable Ermakov systems through hypercomplexification, we address the problem of linearization by hypercomplexification, and we provide a solution to the inverse problem of the calculus of variations for some systems of ODEs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电镀铜实验中镀层性质及其影响因素的探究*

电镀实验是电解原理应用的重要案例,通过实验不仅要获得定性的感性认知,还应该获得定量的理性数据。针对电镀铜实验,通过改变铜离子浓度、pH、电解时间、电解电压和电解温度等因素,探究其对镀层厚度、均匀性和致密性等性质的影响,在电解原理的基础上分析其形成机制,从而确定了电镀铜较适宜的操作条件,以此为学生开展电镀实验提供参考案例与研究思路。